Efficiency of dopant-induced ignition of helium nanoplasmas

Efficiency of dopant-induced ignition of helium nanoplasmas

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Helium nanodroplets irradiated by intense near-infrared laser pulses ignite and form highly ionized nanoplasmas even at laser intensities where helium is not fr5947 directly ionized by the optical field, provided the droplets contain a few dopant atoms.We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the He nanoplasma ignition dynamics for various dopant species.We find that the efficiency of dopants to ignite a nanoplasma in helium bar bottle covers droplets strongly varies and mostly depends on (i) the number of free electrons each dopant donates upon ionization, (ii) the pick-up process, and (iii) the hitherto unexplored effect of the dopant location in or on the droplet.